Thousands of Similar Words in Arabic and Indonesian: Exploring 15 Words and Their Meanings

The Arabic language has had a profound influence on the Indonesian language, shaping it through centuries of cultural, religious, and historical interaction. As a result, many words in Indonesian bear striking similarities to their Arab counterparts. This fascinating linguistic connection offers insights into the shared heritage of these two languages. Below, we explore 15 such words and their meanings.

The Historical Link Between Arabic and Indonesian

Arabic’s influence on the Indonesian language stems primarily from the spread of Islam in the archipelago during the 13th century. Traders, scholars, and religious teachers from Arab-speaking regions brought their language and culture to Southeast Asia. Over time, many Arab words were absorbed into Indonesian, especially those related to religion, governance, and daily life.

These borrowed words, or loanwords, often underwent minor phonetic and orthographic changes to fit Indonesian phonology. Yet, the root words and meanings largely remain recognizable. The result is a treasure trove of shared vocabulary that reflects a deep cultural connection.

15 Similar Words in Arabic and Indonesian

1. Kitab (كتاب)

  • Arabic Meaning: Book
  • Indonesian Meaning: Book, often used to refer to religious texts or classic literature.
    The word kitab is commonly used in Islamic education to refer to religious scriptures.

2. Salat (صلاة)

  • Arabic Meaning: Prayer
  • Indonesian Meaning: Prayer, specifically Islamic ritual prayer.
    This term is integral to Islamic practices in both languages.

3. Ilmu (علم)

  • Arabic Meaning: Knowledge
  • Indonesian Meaning: Science, knowledge, or education.
    In Indonesia, ilmu is used in various contexts, from formal education to general understanding.

Religious and Cultural Terms

4. Zakat (زكاة)

  • Arabic Meaning: Almsgiving
  • Indonesian Meaning: Mandatory alms, a religious obligation in Islam.
    The concept and term of zakat remain unchanged, reflecting its spiritual significance.

5. Masjid (مسجد)

  • Arabic Meaning: Mosque
  • Indonesian Meaning: Mosque, a place of worship.
    Mosques in Indonesia often retain Arab architectural and cultural influences.

6. Halal (حلال)

  • Arabic Meaning: Permissible
  • Indonesian Meaning: Permissible, especially in the context of food and lifestyle.
    Halal certification is significant in Indonesia’s predominantly Muslim society.

Everyday Vocabulary

7. Dunia (دنيا)

  • Arabic Meaning: World
  • Indonesian Meaning: The world or life.
    Dunia is frequently used in philosophical and religious discussions.

8. Akhirat (آخرة)

  • Arabic Meaning: The hereafter
  • Indonesian Meaning: The afterlife.
    This term emphasizes the importance of life after death in both cultures.

9. Amal (عمل)

  • Arabic Meaning: Deed or act
  • Indonesian Meaning: Charity or good deed.
    In Indonesia, amal often refers to actions with religious merit.

Abstract Concepts and Emotions

10. Ikhlas (إخلاص)

  • Arabic Meaning: Sincerity
  • Indonesian Meaning: Sincerity or wholeheartedness.
    This word is deeply ingrained in spiritual and everyday conversations.

11. Syukur (شكر)

  • Arabic Meaning: Gratitude
  • Indonesian Meaning: Gratitude or thankfulness.
    The practice of syukur is central to Islamic teachings in Indonesia.

12. Hikmah (حكمة)

  • Arabic Meaning: Wisdom
  • Indonesian Meaning: Wisdom or moral lesson.
    This term often appears in literature, sermons, and education.

Modern Usage

13. Adil (عدل)

  • Arabic Meaning: Justice
  • Indonesian Meaning: Fairness or equity.
    The concept of adil is foundational in governance and personal conduct.

14. Istirahat (استراحة)

  • Arabic Meaning: Rest
  • Indonesian Meaning: Rest or break.
    This word is widely used in daily conversations and work environments.

15. Nikah (نكاح)

  • Arabic Meaning: Marriage
  • Indonesian Meaning: Marriage or wedding.
    Nikah is commonly used in religious and legal contexts.

Preserving the Connection Through Language

The shared vocabulary between Arab and Indonesian highlights more than just linguistic borrowing—it reflects centuries of shared culture, religion, and history. While modern Indonesian has developed its own identity, these Arab influences serve as a reminder of the language’s dynamic evolution.

For Indonesians, understanding the Arab roots of these words can deepen their appreciation of the cultural and religious connections. Similarly, Arab speakers can find it fascinating to see how their language has traveled and adapted in different parts of the world.

This interplay of languages is a testament to the power of communication and exchange in bridging communities and shaping civilizations.